In November 2010 The New York Times wrote: “”Gandhi
remains India’s patriarch, the founding father whose face is printed on the
currency, but modern India is hardly a Gandhian nation, if it ever was one. His
vision of a village-dominated economy was shunted aside during his lifetime as
rural romanticism, and his call for a national ethos of personal austerity and
nonviolence has proved antithetical to the goals of an aspiring economic and
military power … Gandhi is still revered here, and credited with shaping India’s political identity as a tolerant, secular democracy. But he can sometimes seem to hover over modern India like a parent whose expectations are rarely met.”
Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 and died on 30 January 1948. He was a pre-eminent
political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement.
He was living as expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community’s struggle for civil rights, where he applied civil disobedience. After his return to India in 1915, he organised protests by peasants, farmers, and urban labourers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women’s rights, build religious
and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve the independence of India from foreign domination.
Gandhi movement led his followers in the Non-cooperation movement that protested the
British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (240 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930. He launched the Quit India Movement in 1942, demanding immediate independence for India. Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.
About his social life, in May 1883, He was 13-year old when he was married to 14-year old “Kasturba”, in an arranged child marriage, according to the custom of the region. He described his marriage later by saying:
“As we didn’t know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives.”
In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, Mohandas and Kasturba ‘s first child was born, but survived only a few days, other four more children all sons followed. In 1888 He travelled to London to study Law.
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Gandhi travelled to London England, on 4 September 1888, , to study law at University
College London and to train as a barrister. His time in London, the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, toobserve the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.
Gandhi joined the Vegetarian Society in London, and elected to its executive committee, and started a local Bayswater chapter. Some of the vegetarians he met were members
of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature. He was not having interest in religion but he began to read both Hindu and Christian scriptures.
After graduation, Gandhi was called to the bar on 10 June 1891. Two days later, he left London for India, He tried to establish a law practice in Bombay, but failed. Later, he worked a part-time job as a high school teacher. After two years, and in April 1893, he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian firm, to a post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, then part of the British Empire.
In South Africa, Gandhi faced the discrimination directed at Indians. He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to a third-class coach while holding a valid first-class ticket. Travelling farther on by stagecoach, he was beaten by a driver for refusing to move to make room for a European passenger. He suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from several hotels.
In another incident, the magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban, which he refused to do. These events were a turning point in Gandhi’s life: they shaped his social activism and awakened him to social injustice. After witnessing racism, prejudice and injustice against Indians in South Africa, Gandhi began to question his place in society and his people’s standing in the British Empire.
Gandhi began to write controversial articles , for example, Gandhi wrote on the subject of immigration in 1903, Gandhi commented: “We believe as much in the purity of race as we think they do… We believe also that the white race in South Africa should be the predominating race.”
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hasan A. yahya -
About the Author:
Professor, Dr. Hasan A. Yahya is an Arab American writer, scholar, and professor of Sociology lives in the United States of America, originally from Palestine. He graduated from Michigan State University with 2 Ph.d degrees. He published 66 books plus (45 Arabic and 21 English), and 500 plus articles on sociology, religion, psychology, politics, poetry, and short stories. Philosophically, his writings concern logic, justice and human rights worldwide. Dr. Yahya is the author of Crescentologism: The Moon Theory, Islam Finds its Way. His recent publication is : Jesus Christ Speaks Arabic. www.dryahyatv.com